{"id":272,"date":"2023-11-16T17:19:00","date_gmt":"2023-11-16T09:19:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/solost.cn\/?p=272"},"modified":"2023-11-16T17:22:38","modified_gmt":"2023-11-16T09:22:38","slug":"403","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/solost.cn\/?p=272","title":{"rendered":"CMake\u548cvscode\u6587\u4ef6\u914d\u7f6e"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u7b2c\u4e00\u8bb2\uff1aGCC\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668<\/h3>\n

1.1 \u7f16\u8bd1\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/h4>\n

\u9884\u5904\u7406-Pre-Processing \/\/.i\u6587\u4ef6<\/h5>\n
# -E \u9009\u9879\u6307\u793a\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4ec5\u5bf9\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u9884\u5904\u7406 \ng++  -E  test.cpp  -o  test.i    \/\/.i\u6587\u4ef6<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u7f16\u8bd1-Compiling    \/\/ .s\u6587\u4ef6<\/h5>\n
# -S \u7f16\u8bd1\u9009\u9879\u544a\u8bc9 g++ \u5728\u4e3a C++ \u4ee3\u7801\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6c47\u7f16\u8bed\u8a00\u6587\u4ef6\u540e\u505c\u6b62\u7f16\u8bd1 \n#  g++ \u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6c47\u7f16\u8bed\u8a00\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7f3a\u7701\u6269\u5c55\u540d\u662f .s \ng++  -S  test.i  -o   test.s<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6c47\u7f16-Assembling    \/\/ .o\u6587\u4ef6<\/h5>\n
# -c \u9009\u9879\u544a\u8bc9 g++ \u4ec5\u628a\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u7f16\u8bd1\u4e3a\u673a\u5668\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u4ee3\u7801 \n# \u7f3a\u7701\u65f6 g++ \u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u4ee3\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a .o \u7684\u6269\u5c55\u540d\u3002 \ng++  -c  test.s  -o  test.o<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u94fe\u63a5-Linking    \/\/ bin\u6587\u4ef6<\/h5>\n
# -o \u7f16\u8bd1\u9009\u9879\u6765\u4e3a\u5c06\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7528\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d \ng++  test.o  -o  test<\/code><\/pre>\n
1.2 g++\u91cd\u8981\u7f16\u8bd1\u53c2\u6570<\/h4>\n
g \u7f16\u8bd1\u5e26\u8c03\u8bd5\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6<\/h5>\n
# -g \u9009\u9879\u544a\u8bc9 GCC \u4ea7\u751f\u80fd\u88ab GNU \u8c03\u8bd5\u5668GDB\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8c03\u8bd5\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4ee5\u8c03\u8bd5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002 \n# \u4ea7\u751f\u5e26\u8c03\u8bd5\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6test \ng++ -g test.cpp<\/code><\/pre>\n
-O[n] \u4f18\u5316\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801<\/h5>\n
## \u6240\u8c13\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7701\u7565\u6389\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u4ece\u672a\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u5e38\u91cf\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u503c\u4ee3\u66ff\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u7f29\u51cf\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u5305\u542b\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u91cf\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6700\u7ec8\u751f\u6210\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\u3002 \n# -O \u9009\u9879\u544a\u8bc9 g++ \u5bf9\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u8fdb\u884c\u57fa\u672c\u4f18\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f18\u5316\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u90fd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u7684\u66f4\u5feb\u3002 -O2 \u9009\u9879\u544a\u8bc9 g++ \u4ea7\u751f\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5c0f\u548c\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5feb\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002 \u5982-O2\uff0c-O3\uff0c-On\uff08n \u5e38\u4e3a0\u20133\uff09 \n# -O \u540c\u65f6\u51cf\u5c0f\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u548c\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5176\u6548\u679c\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e-O1 \n# -O0 \u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u505a\u4f18\u5316 \n# -O1 \u4e3a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f18\u5316\n# -O2 \u9664\u4e86\u5b8c\u6210-O1\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u989d\u5916\u7684\u8c03\u6574\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5982\u6307\u4ee4\u8c03\u6574\u7b49\u3002 \n# -O3 \u5219\u5305\u62ec\u5faa\u73af\u5c55\u5f00\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0e\u5904\u7406\u7279\u6027\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002 \n# \u9009\u9879\u5c06\u4f7f\u7f16\u8bd1\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u6bd4\u4f7f\u7528 -O \u65f6\u6162\uff0c \u4f46\u901a\u5e38\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6267\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u4f1a\u66f4\u5feb\u3002 \n# \u4f7f\u7528 -O2\u4f18\u5316\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5e76\u8f93\u51fa\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6 \ng++ -O2 test.cpp<\/code><\/pre>\n
l \u548c -L \u6307\u5b9a\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6 | \u6307\u5b9a\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84<\/h5>\n
# -l\u53c2\u6570(\u5c0f\u5199)\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8981\u94fe\u63a5\u7684\u5e93\uff0c-l\u53c2\u6570\u7d27\u63a5\u7740\u5c31\u662f\u5e93\u540d \n# \u5728\/lib\u548c\/usr\/lib\u548c\/usr\/local\/lib\u91cc\u7684\u5e93\u76f4\u63a5\u7528-l\u53c2\u6570\u5c31\u80fd\u94fe\u63a5 \n\n# \u94fe\u63a5glog\u5e93 \ng++ -lglog test.cpp \n\n# \u5982\u679c\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u6ca1\u653e\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u4e09\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u91cc\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528-L\u53c2\u6570(\u5927\u5199)\u6307\u5b9a\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u5728\u76ee\u5f55 \n# -L\u53c2\u6570\u8ddf\u7740\u7684\u662f\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u540d \n \n# \u94fe\u63a5mytest\u5e93\uff0clibmytest.so\u5728\/home\/bing\/mytestlibfolder\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b \ng++ -L\/home\/bing\/mytestlibfolder -lmytest test.cpp<\/code><\/pre>\n
I \u6307\u5b9a\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u641c\u7d22\u76ee\u5f55<\/h5>\n
# -I \n# \/usr\/include\u76ee\u5f55\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u4e0d\u7528\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\uff0cgcc\u77e5\u9053\u53bb\u90a3\u91cc\u627e\uff0c\u4f46 \u662f\u5982\u679c\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5728\/usr\/icnclude\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u8981\u7528-I\u53c2\u6570\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u653e\u5728\/myinclude\u76ee\u5f55\u91cc\uff0c\u90a3\u7f16\u8bd1\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5c31\u8981\u52a0\u4e0a-I\/myinclude \u53c2\u6570\u4e86\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u52a0\u4f60\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u201dxxxx.h: No such file or directory\u201d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002-I\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u5f53\u524d \u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528-I.\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u3002\u4e0a\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u2013cflags\u53c2\u6570\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u6765\u751f\u6210-I\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u3002 g++ -I\/myinclude test.cpp<\/code><\/pre>\n
Wall \u6253\u5370\u8b66\u544a\u4fe1\u606f<\/h5>\n
# \u6253\u5370\u51fagcc\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u8b66\u544a\u4fe1\u606f g++ -Wall test.cpp<\/code><\/pre>\n
w \u5173\u95ed\u8b66\u544a\u4fe1\u606f<\/h5>\n
# \u5173\u95ed\u6240\u6709\u8b66\u544a\u4fe1\u606f g++ -w test.cpp<\/code><\/pre>\n
std=c++11 \u8bbe\u7f6e\u7f16\u8bd1\u6807\u51c6<\/h5>\n
# \u4f7f\u7528 c++11 \u6807\u51c6\u7f16\u8bd1 test.cpp g++ -std=c++11 test.cpp<\/code><\/pre>\n
o \u6307\u5b9a\u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/h5>\n
# \u6307\u5b9a\u5373\u5c06\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d \n# \u6307\u5b9a\u8f93\u51fa\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e3atest g++ test.cpp -o test<\/code><\/pre>\n
D\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b8f<\/h5>\n
# \u5728\u4f7f\u7528gcc\/g++\u7f16\u8bd1\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b8f \n# \u5e38\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff1a \n# -DDEBUG \u5b9a\u4e49DEBUG\u5b8f\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6709DEBUG\u5b8f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u7528\u4e2aDDEBUG\u6765\u9009\u62e9\u5f00\u542f\u6216\u5173\u95edDEBUG<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n
\/\/ -Dname \u5b9a\u4e49\u5b8fname,\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e49\u5185\u5bb9\u4e3a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u201c1\u201d \n#include <stdio.h> \nint main() {  \n    #ifdef DEBUG  \n    printf("DEBUG LOGn");  \n    #endif  \n    printf("inn"); \n} \n\/\/ 1. \u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528gcc -DDEBUG main.cpp \n\/\/ 2. \u7b2c\u4e03\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u6267\u884c<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6ce8\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528 man gcc<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770bgcc\u82f1\u6587\u4f7f\u7528\u624b\u518c\uff0c\u89c1\u4e0b\u56fe<\/p>\n
1.3 \u3010\u5b9e\u6218\u3011g++\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7f16\u8bd1<\/code><\/h4>\n
\u6848\u4f8b\uff1a\u6700\u521d\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784: 2 directories, 3 files<\/p>\n
# \u6700\u521d\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784 \n. \n\u251c\u2500\u2500 include \n\u2502   \u2514\u2500\u2500 Swap.h \n\u251c\u2500\u2500 main.cpp \n\u2514\u2500\u2500 src  \n    \u2514\u2500\u2500 Swap.cpp \n2 directories, 3 files<\/code><\/pre>\n
1.3.1 \u76f4\u63a5\u7f16\u8bd1<\/h4>\n
\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\uff0c\u5e76\u8fd0\u884c<\/p>\n
# \u5c06 main.cpp src\/Swap.cpp \u7f16\u8bd1\u4e3a\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6 g++ main.cpp src\/Swap.cpp -Iinclude \n# \u8fd0\u884ca.out .\/a.out<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u589e\u52a0\u53c2\u6570\u7f16\u8bd1\uff0c\u5e76\u8fd0\u884c<\/p>\n
# \u5c06 main.cpp src\/Swap.cpp \u7f16\u8bd1\u4e3a\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6 \u9644\u5e26\u4e00\u5806\u53c2\u6570 \ng++ main.cpp src\/Swap.cpp -Iinclude -std=c++11 -O2 -Wall -o b.out \n# \u8fd0\u884c b.out \n.\/b.out<\/code><\/pre>\n
1.3.2 \u751f\u6210\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u7f16\u8bd1<\/h4>\n
\u94fe\u63a5\u9759\u6001\u5e93\u751f\u6210\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u2460\uff1a<\/p>\n
## \u8fdb\u5165src\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b \n$cd src \n\n# \u6c47\u7f16\uff0c\u751f\u6210Swap.o\u6587\u4ef6 \ng++ Swap.cpp -c -I..\/include \n# \u751f\u6210\u9759\u6001\u5e93libSwap.a \n  ar rs libSwap.a Swap.o \n\n## \u56de\u5230\u4e0a\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55 \n$cd .. \n\n# \u94fe\u63a5\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6:staticmain \ng++ main.cpp -Iinclude -Lsrc -lSwap -o staticmain<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u94fe\u63a5\u52a8\u6001\u5e93\u751f\u6210\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u2461\uff1a<\/p>\n
## \u8fdb\u5165src\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b \n$cd src \n\n# \u751f\u6210\u52a8\u6001\u5e93libSwap.so \ng++ Swap.cpp -I..\/include -fPIC -shared -o libSwap.so \n\n## \u4e0a\u9762\u547d\u4ee4\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u6761\u547d\u4ee4 \n# gcc Swap.cpp -I..\/include -c -fPIC\n# gcc -shared -o libSwap.so Swap.o ## \u56de\u5230\u4e0a\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55 \n$cd .. \n\n# \u94fe\u63a5\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6:sharemain \ng++ main.cpp -Iinclude -Lsrc -lSwap -o sharemain<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u7f16\u8bd1\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784
\u6700\u7ec8\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a2 directories, 8 files<\/p>\n
# \u6700\u7ec8\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784 \n. \n\u251c\u2500\u2500 include \n\u2502   \u2514\u2500\u2500 Swap.h \n\u251c\u2500\u2500 main.cpp \n\u251c\u2500\u2500 sharemain \n\u251c\u2500\u2500 src \n\u2502   \u251c\u2500\u2500 libSwap.a \n\u2502   \u251c\u2500\u2500 libSwap.so \n\u2502   \u251c\u2500\u2500 Swap.cpp \n\u2502   \u2514\u2500\u2500 Swap.o \n\u2514\u2500\u2500 staticmain 2 directories, 8 files<\/code><\/pre>\n
1.3.3 \u8fd0\u884c\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n
\u8fd0\u884c\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u2460
Plain Text<\/p>\n
# \u8fd0\u884c\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6 \n.\/staticmain<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd0\u884c\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u2461<\/p>\n
# \u8fd0\u884c\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6 \nLD_LIBRARY_PATH=src .\/sharemain<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8bb2\uff1aGDB\u8c03\u8bd5\u5668<\/h3>\n
\u524d\u8a00\uff1a<\/p>\n
    \n
  • GDB(GNU Debugger)<\/strong>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6765\u8c03\u8bd5C\/C++\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/strong>\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u8c03\u8bd5\u5668<\/strong>\uff0c\u662fLinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f00\u53d1C\/C++\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u8c03\u8bd5\u5668<\/li>\n
  • \u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528GDB\u6765\u8ddf\u8e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7684\u9519\u8bef<\/strong>\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cf\u3002<\/li>\n
  • Linux \u5f00\u53d1C\/C++ \u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u719f\u6089 GDB<\/li>\n
  • VSCode\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528GDB\u8c03\u8bd5\u5668\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0C\/C++\u7684\u8c03\u8bd5\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\uff1b<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    Windows \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u96c6\u6210\u5f00\u53d1\u73af\u5883\uff08IDE\uff09\uff0c\u5982 VS\u3001VC\u7b49\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5185\u90e8\u5df2\u7ecf\u5d4c\u5957\u4e86\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u8c03\u8bd5\u5668<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
    GDB\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n
      \n
    • \u8bbe\u7f6e\u65ad\u70b9(\u65ad\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6761\u4ef6\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f)<\/li>\n
    • \u4f7f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u884c\u4e0a\u6682\u505c\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u89c2\u5bdf<\/li>\n
    • \u5355\u4e0d\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u8c03\u8bd5<\/li>\n
    • \u67e5\u770b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u7684\u53d8\u5316<\/li>\n
    • \u52a8\u6001\u6539\u53d8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6267\u884c\u73af\u5883<\/li>\n
    • \u5206\u6790\u5d29\u6e83\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ea7\u751f\u7684core\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      2.1 \u5e38\u7528\u8c03\u8bd5\u547d\u4ee4\u53c2\u6570<\/h4>\n
      \u8c03\u8bd5\u5f00\u59cb\uff1a\u6267\u884cgdb [exefilename] \uff0c\u8fdb\u5165gdb\u8c03\u8bd5\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dexefilename\u4e3a\u8981\u8c03\u8bd5\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/p>\n
      ## \u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u62ec\u53f7\u5185\u4e3a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7b80\u5316\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982run\uff08r\uff09\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8f93\u5165\u547d\u4ee4 r \u5c31\u4ee3\u8868\u547d\u4ee4run\n\n$(gdb)help(h)    # \u67e5\u770b\u547d\u4ee4\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u8be2\u5728gdb\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165help + \u547d\u4ee4\n\n$(gdb)run(r)    # \u91cd\u65b0\u5f00\u59cb\u8fd0\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\uff08run-text\uff1a\u52a0\u8f7d\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\uff0crun-bin\uff1a\u52a0\u8f7d\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\n\n$(gdb)start        # \u5355\u6b65\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u505c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u6267\u884c\u8bed\u53e5\n\n$(gdb)list(l)     # \u67e5\u770b\u539f\u4ee3\u7801\uff08list-n,\u4ece\u7b2cn\u884c\u5f00\u59cb\u67e5\u770b\u4ee3\u7801\u3002list+ \u51fd\u6570\u540d\uff1a\u67e5\u770b\u5177\u4f53\u51fd\u6570\uff09\n\n$(gdb)set        # \u8bbe\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\n\n$(gdb)next(n)   # \u5355\u6b65\u8c03\u8bd5\uff08\u9010\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u76f4\u63a5\u6267\u884c\uff09\n\n$(gdb)step(s)    # \u5355\u6b65\u8c03\u8bd5\uff08\u9010\u8bed\u53e5\uff1a\u8df3\u5165\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u90e8\u6267\u884c\uff09\n\n$(gdb)backtrace(bt)    # \u67e5\u770b\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u6808\u5e27\u548c\u5c42\u7ea7\u5173\u7cfb\n\n$(gdb)frame(f)     # \u5207\u6362\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6808\u5e27\n\n\n$(gdb)info(i)     # \u67e5\u770b\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u90e8\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u6570\u503c\n\n$(gdb)finish    # \u7ed3\u675f\u5f53\u524d\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u70b9\n\n$(gdb)continue(c)    # \u7ee7\u7eed\u8fd0\u884c\n\n$(gdb)print(p)    # \u6253\u5370\u503c\u53ca\u5730\u5740\n\n$(gdb)quit(q)     # \u9000\u51fagdb<\/code><\/pre>\n
      $(gdb)break+num(b)            # \u5728\u7b2cnum\u884c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65ad\u70b9\n\n$(gdb)info breakpoints        # \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u65ad\u70b9\n\n$(gdb)delete breakpoints num(d)    # \u5220\u9664\u7b2cnum\u4e2a\u65ad\u70b9\n\n$(gdb)display                # \u8ffd\u8e2a\u67e5\u770b\u5177\u4f53\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\n\n$(gdb)undisplay                # \u53d6\u6d88\u8ffd\u8e2a\u89c2\u5bdf\u53d8\u91cf\n\n$(gdb)watch                    # \u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u89c2\u5bdf\u70b9\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u53d1\u751f\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\uff0c\u6253\u5370\u663e\u793a\n\n$(gdb)i watch                # \u663e\u793a\u89c2\u5bdf\u70b9\n\n$(gdb)enable breakpoints    # \u542f\u7528\u65ad\u70b9\n\n$(gdb)disable breakpoints    # \u7981\u7528\u65ad\u70b9\n\n$(gdb)x                        # \u67e5\u770b\u5185\u5b58x\/20xw \u663e\u793a20\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\uff0c16\u8fdb\u5236\uff0c4\u5b57\u8282\u6bcf\u5355\u5143\n\n$(gdb)run argv[1] argv[2]    # \u8c03\u8bd5\u65f6\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4f20\u53c2\n\n$(gdb)set follow-fork-mode child#Makefile\u9879\u76ee\u7ba1\u7406\uff1a\u9009\u62e9\u8ddf\u8e2a\u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff08fork()\uff09<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \n
      Tips:<\/p>\n
        \n
      1. \u7f16\u8bd1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u4e0a-g\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u624d\u80fd\u7528gdb\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u8bd5\uff1agcc -g main.c -o main<\/li>\n
      2. \u56de\u8f66\u952e\uff1a\u91cd\u590d\u4e0a\u4e00\u547d\u4ee4<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/blockquote>\n
        2.2 \u3010\u5b9e\u6218\u3011\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u8c03\u8bd5<\/h4>\n
        \u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u6bb5\u7b80\u5355\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u51c6\u5907\u8c03\u8bd5\u3002
        C++<\/p>\n
        #include <iostream>\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main(int argc,char **argv)\n{\n    int N = 100;\n    int sum = 0;\n    int i = 1;\n\n\/\/ calculate sum from 1 to 100\n    while (i <= N)\n    {\n        sum = sum + i;\n        i = i + 1;\n    }\n\n    cout << "sum = " << sum << endl;\n    cout << "The program is over."   << endl;\n\n    return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u7b2c\u4e09\u8bb2\uff1aCMake<\/h3>\n
        \u524d\u8a00\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \n
        • CMake\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8de8\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u5b89\u88c5\u7f16\u8bd1\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8bed\u53e5\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u6240\u6709\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u5b89\u88c5(\u7f16\u8bd1\u8fc7\u7a0b)\u3002<\/li>\n
        • CMake\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u5927\u90e8\u5206C++\u5f00\u6e90\u9879\u76ee\u6807\u914d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
          3.1 \u8bed\u6cd5\u7279\u6027\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/h4>\n
            \n
          • \n
            \u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5\u683c\u5f0f\uff1a\u6307\u4ee4(\u53c2\u6570 1 \u53c2\u6570 2...)<\/p>\n
              \n
            • \u53c2\u6570\u4f7f\u7528\u62ec\u5f27\u62ec\u8d77<\/li>\n
            • \u53c2\u6570\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f7f\u7528\u7a7a\u683c\u6216\u5206\u53f7\u5206\u5f00<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
            • \u6307\u4ee4\u662f\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u65e0\u5173\u7684\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u76f8\u5173\u7684<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
              set(HELLO hello.cpp) \nadd_executable(hello main.cpp hello.cpp) \nADD_EXECUTABLE(hello main.cpp ${HELLO})<\/code><\/pre>\n
                \n
              • \u53d8\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528${}\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d6\u503c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728 IF \u63a7\u5236\u8bed\u53e5\u4e2d\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u53d8\u91cf\u540d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                3.2 \u91cd\u8981\u6307\u4ee4\u548cCMake\u5e38\u7528\u53d8\u91cf<\/h4>\n
                3.2.1 \u91cd\u8981\u6307\u4ee4<\/h4>\n
                  \n
                • \n
                  cmake_minimum_required \u6307\u5b9aCMake\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u7248\u672c\u8981\u6c42<\/p>\n
                    \n
                  • \u8bed\u6cd5\uff1a cmake_minimum_required(VERSION versionNumber [FATAL_ERROR])<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                    # CMake\u6700\u5c0f\u7248\u672c\u8981\u6c42\u4e3a2.8.3 cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8.3)<\/code><\/pre>\n
                      \n
                    • \n
                      project \u5b9a\u4e49\u5de5\u7a0b\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u6307\u5b9a\u5de5\u7a0b\u652f\u6301\u7684\u8bed\u8a00<\/p>\n
                        \n
                      • \u8bed\u6cd5\uff1a project(projectname [CXX] [C] [Java])<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                        # \u6307\u5b9a\u5de5\u7a0b\u540d\u4e3aHELLOWORLD project(HELLOWORLD)<\/code><\/pre>\n
                          \n
                        • \n
                          set \u663e\u5f0f\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d8\u91cf<\/p>\n
                            \n
                          • \u8bed\u6cd5\uff1aset(VAR [VALUE] [CACHE TYPE DOCSTRING [FORCE]])<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                            # \u5b9a\u4e49SRC\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5176\u503c\u4e3asayhello.cpp hello.cpp set(SRC sayhello.cpp hello.cpp)<\/code><\/pre>\n
                              \n
                            • \n
                              include_directories \u5411\u5de5\u7a0b\u6dfb\u52a0\u591a\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84 --->\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9ag++\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u7684-I\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n
                                \n
                              • \u8bed\u6cd5\uff1a include_directories([AFTER|BEFORE] [SYSTEM] dir1 dir2 ...)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                # \u5c06\/usr\/include\/myincludefolder \u548c .\/include \u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84 include_directories(\/usr\/include\/myincludefolder .\/include)<\/code><\/pre>\n
                                  \n
                                • \n
                                  link_directories \u5411\u5de5\u7a0b\u6dfb\u52a0\u591a\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84 --->\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9ag++\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u7684-L\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n
                                    \n
                                  • \u8bed\u6cd5\uff1a link_directories(dir1 dir2 ...)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                    # \u5c06\/usr\/lib\/mylibfolder \u548c .\/lib \u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84 link_directories(\/usr\/lib\/mylibfolder .\/lib)<\/code><\/pre>\n
                                      \n
                                    • \n
                                      add_library \u751f\u6210\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n
                                        \n
                                      • \u8bed\u6cd5\uff1a add_library(libname [SHARED|STATIC|MODULE] [EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL] source1 source2 ... sourceN)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                        # \u901a\u8fc7\u53d8\u91cf SRC \u751f\u6210 libhello.so \u5171\u4eab\u5e93 add_library(hello SHARED ${SRC})<\/code><\/pre>\n
                                          \n
                                        • \n
                                          add_compile_options \u6dfb\u52a0\u7f16\u8bd1\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n
                                            \n
                                          • \u8bed\u6cd5\uff1aadd_compile_options(